There are several different methods of education for developing literacy and many schools feel that their particular method or program is the best. However, what if there is not one “best” program? Perhaps a combination of different programs would offer a more balanced learning experience. With a balanced method, teachers are encouraged to make a conscious effort every day to help all children become better readers and writers, by meeting the needs of each individual child. This also provides a more balanced curriculum that recognizes the contributions of many different approaches and perspectives.

A balanced literacy program is made up of several components, such as a teacher reading aloud as this provides an example of adult literacy while developing a sense of text and story. Reading aloud also helps to improve vocabulary and active listening skills, which then encourages a prediction. Shared reading by the teacher and student helps to improve reading skills, as it develops phrasing and fluency, and increases comprehension.

Additional components involved with the balanced literacy programs include teacher guided reading. This refers to a teacher assigning a reading selection that is at the appropriate level for the individual student. Experts believe that this helps to expand the student’s belief in their own abilities and encourages independent reading skills to improve. This will also increase comprehension, help to develop fluency and will provide opportunities for the student to use mistakes as learning experiences.

Interactive writing is another portion of a balanced literacy program and involves the teacher and student writing portions of text together. In this instance, opportunities are provided to plan and construct the text, and it creates an opportunity to teach students how to apply what they have learned. It is also a great method for improving spelling and using resources that are available.

Once the other components have been introduced and learned, it is time for the final stage of the balanced learning program, which is independent writing. These programs help to improve a student’s knowledge concerning placing sequenced text when writing. This will help them to further improve their writing strategies, and it supports reading development as well as understanding and using the many diverse forms of writing and reading. The ultimate goal of this program is to help children develop their own active independence, such as developing problem solving skills, which they will continue to use not only in their formal education but throughout their life as well.

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Any type of learning that adults continue to pursue after the more traditional years of schooling are over is considered to be adult education. While there are many subjects adults choose to study, many classes are concerned with teaching literacy and reading the most simple of texts and materials. DAEL (the Division of Adult Education and Literacy) endorses the many programs that help adults to achieve the most basic of skills that are needed in order to be productive citizens, family members and workers. The main areas that are supported include basic adult education, English language acquisition and adult secondary education. These types of programs stress the basic skills including reading, writing, problem solving and English language competency.

DAEL normally allots funds to the different states earmarked specifically for an adult education. The states will then distribute those funds to the local eligible programs that are designed to improve literacy skills in adults. DAEL also gives assistance to the different states in order to improve the quality of the program and its capacity that in turn helps additional adults.

If the idea of working in the field of adult education appeals to you, then there is a chance that you will end up teaching as a lecturer or instructor in a university or college, or working at a public school, vocational school, in a training center that helps adults find jobs or even in a community agency. The required level of education and skills necessary will vary according to the position to be filled.

Generally, in order to teach in a public school system or in universities you will need to have a graduate degree and possibly need teacher certification and licensing as well. And, as a general rule, those who instruct adults in community or vocational schools will require a master’s degree. Finally, those who would like to become teachers of a self-enrichment type of literacy program may not need specific educational credentials but may need to show some type of portfolio of their work and demonstrate experience in the field.

With most of the adult programs, those teaching both basic and secondary education as well as literacy programs are required to take some type of classes or workshops on the best way to instruct adults. This is important, as instructors are dealing with people from many different cultures, economic backgrounds and education levels. All of the teachers, both volunteer and paid, need excellent communication skills and need to be able to motivate their students, while remaining respectful of their particular circumstances and concerns.

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A fairly recent study delivered rather sobering results when college students were tested on different literacy skills. Amazingly, over 50% of the students who were getting close to graduation lacked the necessary skills to complete certain tasks, such as being able to understand a newspaper editorial. More than 50% of the students at a four year university program and more than 75% at two year institutions were unable to perform more complex tasks that included comparing credit cards with different annual fees and interest rates. Perhaps one of the most disquieting results was the inability to summarize the results of a survey concerning parental involvement in schools.

The main areas of this particular study included analyzing stories in the news and other writings, comprehending documents and utilizing the math skills necessary for checkbooks and even restaurant tips. One of the researchers may have understated the feeling of most when he said that it was a “little disturbing” that at this level of higher education students could not perform basic tasks.

Most of the students attending four year programs at universities and community colleges did show some intermediate skills, which means they were able to complete moderately challenging jobs. Examples of this include identifying locations on maps, consulting reference guides in order to learn what foods contained certain vitamins and some college students were also able to calculate the cost of ordering office supplies.

There is a brighter side; the overall average literacy level of university students is actually higher than the average level of adult literacy nationwide. However, even though it sounds encouraging, experts claim it is not exactly surprising given the fact that the group of adults tested included those who had significantly less education.

College students, when compared with like levels of education in others, showed superior skills when searching and using information that has been gathered from texts and documents. Many of the students performed very poorly with problems that involved math and that 20% of those students who were going for a four year degree possessed the most basic of quantitative skills. For example, they were not able to estimate whether or not a car had adequate fuel to make it to a gas station and about 30% of them following a two year path had only the basic mathematical skills.

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Teachers have the greatest responsibility there is and that is teaching students the basics of literacy; using stimulating and engaging materials is not just considered ideal, it is a necessity. Some educators feel that using familiar experiences and ideas is the best way to teach effectively; however, others feel that a newer approach that focuses on teaching the basics by utilizing unusual concepts that run from fascinating to magnificent, to weird and exotic is more beneficial. Using literacy basics in an unusual or unforgettable manner helps students to retain information more readily and that comes in handy; not just when studying for a test but also for instilling a life long love of writing and reading.

When a teacher combines playfulness with practicality, creativity and common sense, and applies these strategies to beginning readers at any age, it not only raises grades it also brings out enjoyable, authentic learning experiences. It also provides the foundation of adult literacy.

Early readers, normally in the lower grades of elementary school, will have books selected for them that have less predictable language patterns, simple dialogue and illustrations that depict more or less what is written on that page. This is also the time when a teacher will introduce books that have a definite beginning, middle and end.

When readers become more fluent the teachers will begin to choose books that actually extend past the student’s current range of knowledge, which helps to advance reading skills. These selections should also have fairly complex and long sentences, pictures that complement the text on a page rather than matching it, text that will require the student to make inferences and they will also be longer than their previous books. Fluency is the goal of any reading program, and writing practice will actually enhance reading proficiency and vice versa.

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